Take-Home-Quiz and Hybridization Recap

Below are two images of Power Point slides that have the questions that need to be answered for tomorrow, Friday, November 12th, 2010. Please have your solutions / answers to the problems ready to turn in at the beginning of class.

I would like to go through a quick recap of hybridization for bonding.

• A single bond always involves only a sigma bond. A sigma bond is between two hybridized orbitals or a hybridized orbital with a non-hybridized 1s orbital of a hydrogen atom.
• A double bond always involves a sigma bond and pi bond. The pi bond originates from two non-hybridized p orbitals overlapping.
• A triple bond always involves a sigma bond and two pi bonds.
• Ligands are either covalent bonds or non-bonding electron pairs. A single covalent bond, double covalent bond, or triple covalent bond are all considered one ligand.
• sp^3 hybridization is required when four ligands surround an atom. The hybridized orbitals can be used for sigma bonds or to hold non-bonding electron pairs.
• sp^2 hybridization is required when three ligands surround an atom. The hybridized orbitals can be used for sigma bonds or to hold non-bonding electron pairs.
• sp hybridization is required when two ligands surround an atom. The hybridized orbitals can be used for sigma bonds or to hold non-bonding electron pairs.